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阅读练习:考研英语阅读答案解析分享
Text 2
Grade inflation the gradual increase in average GPAs (grade-point averages) over the past few decades is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education, in which students are treated like customers to be pleased. But another, related force a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called grade forgiveness is helping raise GPAs.
Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade, and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a students overall GPA.
The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years, as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school (and paying tuition) and improve their graduation rates. When this practice first started decades ago, it was usually limited to freshmen, to give them a second
chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses. But now most colleges, save for many selective campuses, allow all undergraduates, and even graduate students, to get their low grades forgiven.
College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and graduation without incurring a big penalty. Ultimately, said Jack Miner, Ohio State Universitys registrar, we see students achieve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent courses or master the content that allows them to graduate on time.
That said, there is a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies colleges own needs as well. For public institutions, state funds are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retention so better grades can, by boosting figures like those, mean more money. And anything that raises GPAs will likely make students who, at the end of the day, are paying the bill feel theyve gotten a better value for their tuition dollars, which is another big concern for colleges.
Indeed, grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers expectations for higher education. Since students and parents expect a college degree to lead to a job, it is in the best interest of a school to turn out graduates who are as qualified as possible or at least appear to be. On this, students and colleges incentives seem to be aligned.
1. What is commonly regarded as the cause of grade inflation?
A. The change of course catalogs.
B. Students indifference to GPAs.
C. Colleges neglect of GPAs.
D. The influence of consumer culture.
2. What was the original purpose of grade forgiveness?
A. To help freshmen adapt to college learning.
B. To maintain colleges graduation rates.
C. To prepare graduates for a challenging future.
D. To increase universities income from tuition.
3. According to Paragraph 5, grade forgiveness enables colleges to
A. obtain more financial support.
B. boost their student enrollments.
C. improve their teaching quality.
D. meet local governments needs.
4. What does the phrase to be aligned (Line 5, Para. 6) most probably mean?
A. To counterbalance each other.
B. To complement each other.
C. To be identical with each other.
D. To be contradictory to each other.
5. The author examines the practice of grade forgiveness by
A. assessing its feasibility.
B. analyzing the causes behind it.
C. comparing different views on it.
D. listing its long-run effects.
Text 2
1. 【D】The influence of consumer culture;细节题。根据题干中的关键词 grade inflation 可以定位到首段第一句话，此句话的句子主干：Grade inflation is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education. 题干中的 be regarded as 对应原文中的 is considered，题干中的 the cause of(后边接结果)与原文中的 a product of (前边接结果)都表示因果关系。选项D 中 consumer 是原文中的复现，其他选项都不具备干扰性，因此答案选择 D。
2. 【A】To help freshmen adapt to college learning;细节题。根据题干中的关键词，我们只能定位到文章的第二段，但是第二段讲的是 grade forgiveness 具体是什么，并没有提及它的目的， 然后接下看第三段的首句，出现了 this little-known practice 指的就是 grade forgiveness。而且题干中的 the original purpose 对应原文中的在第三段第二句话: When this practice first started decades ago, it was usually limited to freshmen, to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses.选项 A 中的 freshmen 是原词复现，help 是对应原文中的 give them a second chance，adapt to 对应原文中的 struggled in their transition to，college learning 对应原文中的 college-level courses。因此答案为 A。
28【. A】obtain more financial support;细节题。根据题干中的关键词 paragraph 5、grade forgiveness
和 colleges 可以定位到第五段的第一句，即 grade forgiveness 能够满足学生的需求，但是对应选项并没有对应的答案，所以接着往下看，提到了国家基金与他们的成功有关，得到更好地分 数意为这拿到更多的钱。选项 A 中的 financial support 指的就是 state funds。因此答案为 A。
29【. C】to be identical with each other;猜词题。根据题干，可以定位到第六段最后一句话：On
this, students and colleges incentives seem to be aligned.所以解题的关键是找到 this 指代的内容。This 指代的是前一句话，即：因为学生和家长都希望通过大学学历来找工作，所以学校的最佳利益是尽可能地把学生培养成有能力胜任的人，或者至少看起来是那样。由此可以的出 学生和学校的目标是一致的，选项 C 中的 be identical with 表示的是与相同，因此答案为C。
30. 【B】analyzing the causes behind it;主旨题。题干的字面意思是作者是通过什么样的方式来检验 grade forgiveness 的实践操作，但是是考查文章的主旨，属于主旨题。阅读每段的段落大意句，可以得出文章主要讲解的是 grade forgiveness 的原因。因此选 B。
【全文翻译】
分数膨胀过去几十年，平均绩点的逐步提升通常被认为是高等教育消费时代的产 物，在这个时代，学生被当作顾客一样被取悦。但另一种相关的力量一种经常隐藏在课程 目录背后，被称为分数宽限的政策正在帮助提高平均绩点。
分数宽限政策允许学生重修一门分数较低的课程，最近或者最高的分数是计算学生总平均 绩点的唯一依据。
近年来这种少有人知的做法越来越多了，这是因为大学继续尽最大努力以把学生留在学校(并付学费)，同时提高他们的毕业率。这种做法在几十年前刚开始实施时，通常仅限于大一新 生。在第一年，如果他们在向大学课程过渡的课程中遇到了困难，这种做法可以给他们第二次 上课的机会，但是现在除了许多名牌大学，大多数大学允许所有的本科生甚至是毕业生重修低 分的课程。
大学领导总是强调分数宽限政策的目的与其说是提高分数，不如说是鼓励学生重修那些对他们学位和毕业至关重要的课程，从而避免严重的后果。俄亥俄州立大学的教务主任杰克迈纳尔说:最终我们看到学生取得了更大的成功，因为他们重修了一门课程，在后续相关的课程 中表现也很好，或者掌握了可以让他们准时毕业的内容。
虽然这么说，但从某种意义上来说，分数宽限政策也满足了大学自身的需要。对于公共机构来说，国家基金有时与学校毕业率和学生保持率相关的指标有部分联系。所以通过提高这些 分值更好的分数就意味着得到更多钱，并且提高任何平均绩点的做法，都可能让学生最终 付账单的人感到学费花的更值了，而这也是大学关心的另一个大问题。
事实上，分数宽限政策只是大学回应消费者对高等教育期望的另一种方式。既然学生和家长都希望通过大学学历来找工作，那么学校的最佳利益是尽可能的把学生培养成有能力胜任的 人，或者至少看起来是那样在这一点上学生和大学的动机似乎不谋而合。
具体信息请考生关注院校官网等发布的官方消息。
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